最新公平交易法修法評議─論部落客條款、窩裡反條款及咖啡條款
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最新公平交易法修法評議
-論部落客條款、窩裡反條款及咖啡條款
鴻邦法律事務所
陳郁婷律師
立法院於11月8日剛三讀通過最新公平交易法(下稱「公平法」)修法，總結共修訂三個部分，即(一)部落客條款，增訂公平法第21條第4項後段及第5項，限縮非屬知名公眾人物之廣告薦證者責任，並明訂廣告薦證者的定義；(二)窩裡反條款，增訂公平法第35條之1，關於參與聯合行為事業於主管機關調查前或調查期間提出檢舉或協助調查者，其罰鍰之減輕或免除；(三)咖啡條款，增訂公平法第41條第2項及第3項，關於提高獨占事業不正行為與聯合行為罰鍰額度。
部落客條款，其實是限縮了部落客的責任
關於公平法第21條部落客條款，依據原本公平法規定，只要是廣告薦證者，不論是否為知名、或是否受有報酬，凡於薦證時明知或可得而知其薦證有使人對事實造成誤認的可能，而仍為薦證者，就應與廣告主負連帶賠償責任；而最新公平法規定，若該廣告薦證者非屬於「知名公眾人物、專業人士或機構」者，則其責任就從原來的與廣告主負連帶責任，限縮至「受廣告主報酬十倍之範圍內」與廣告主負連帶責任；換言之，非屬於「知名公眾人物、專業人士或機構」者，亦即所謂的「素人」、或不夠知名的部落客，其最高責任僅為報酬十倍之範圍內，若其未拿取任何報酬，則根本無任何損害賠償之責。
部落客條款的問題有三，(一)何謂「知名公眾人物」？其須為全國知名或區域性知名？特定領域知名或普遍一般人均知悉？若以網路部落客而言，若每日流量僅有10人的部落客是否屬於知名公眾人物？那每日流量1千人、10萬人、100萬人的又是否能算？故以知名與否作為區分標準，反而導致判斷及適用上困難；（二）若廣告薦證者為素人且未受有報酬者，即毋須對其不實廣告薦證負賠償責任，惟公平法之立法目的在於維護交易秩序與消費者利益，確保公平競爭，若該不實薦證仍影響交易秩序與公平競爭，似不應僅以未收取報酬即可免責，否則無異承認不收取報酬者即得隨意為不實廣告薦證，似非符公平法立法意旨；(三)部落客所寫的文章，若已能提供不特定多數人共見共聞相關商品資訊，且而達到招徠消費者購買或消費之目的，早就屬於廣告行為，原本即已適用相關責任規定，而無待本次修法訂定，故本次部落客條款更貼切的說法，應為「素人保障條款」。
資料來源：鴻邦法律事務所整理
窩裡反條款 其執行仍有待具體配套措施與處理準則之訂定
關於公平法第35條之1聯合行為窩裡反條款，該制度乃沿襲自歐盟、日本、美國等國家，然而此制度最重要的構成要件、適用對象資格要件、減免之基準及家數、違法事證之檢附、身份保密及其他執行事項之辦法等，至今均仍付之闕如，其是否真能達到鼓勵企業當「抓耙仔」之立法目的，仍有待觀察。
咖啡條款 使公平會裁罰與企業不法獲利能符合比例
關於公平法第41條咖啡條款，係事業構成獨占企業不正行為及聯合行為情節重大者，其罰鍰從原先新台幣(以下同)5萬元至2,500萬元，提升為得處該事業上一會計年度銷售金額10%以下罰鍰，而不受2,500萬元上限之限制，目的在於使中央主管機關就該違法行為之罰鍰與企業之不法獲利能符合比例，否則部分企業不法獲利若高達數億元，又如何會在意最高額僅2,500萬元之罰鍰？此尚難以達到嚇阻不法行為之立法目的。
惟本條款問題在於，當事業之年度銷售金額10%低於2,500萬元時，究竟以何者為上限？若以兩者取其高者，則較為合理，若仍以年度銷售金額10%為上限者，則將導致事業違反該規定「情節重大者」之其罰鍰，可能低於「非情節重大者」之罰鍰，此種不合理情形，凡此仍有待中央主管機關對於罰鍰計算能統一罰鍰計算之標準，以為解決。
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資料來源：鴻邦法律事務所整理
作者：陳郁婷 律師
現任：鴻邦法律事務所 合夥律師
經歷：理律法律事務所律師
專利代理人
國際技術授權主管總會（Licensing Executives Society, LES）創立委員
學歷：國立臺灣大學法律系學士
國立政治大學商學院碩士
著作：不實廣告之認定與避免，國際商情雙周刊第234期
裁罰不實廣告法理剖析案例，國際商情雙周刊第235期
Taiwan:Recent Developments--Fair Trade Commission blocks the merger between uni-president enterprises and Wei Lih Food Industrial, Global Competition Review Vol.11， No.9.
跨國專利侵權訴訟之管理，元照出版社
創造專利最大價值之教戰策，技術尖兵第135期
建構專利 提升企業競爭力，技術尖兵第136期
資訊科技如何於智慧財產經營運用，技術尖兵第139期
跨國專利侵權訴訟管理機制之建立，技術尖兵第141期
打過仗才能轉大人跨國專利侵權訴訟不只是法律問題，電子時報
The Threat of Evidence Destruction: Strategies to Safeguard and Accelerate Proof of Patent Infringement in the United States and China, Law Journal newsletter’s Patent Strategy & Management.
鴻邦法律事務所
電話：(02)2708-6290
傳真：(02)5556-2389
地址：10683台北市信義路四段6號6樓
日期：2011-12-06 出處：鴻邦法律事務所
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